Changes in sleep patterns are common in people with dementia. For caregivers and family members, it can be concerning to see a loved one sleeping significantly more than usual or struggling to maintain a consistent sleep schedule. Disruption to their circadian rhythm or underlying medical conditions are 2 potential reasons that people with dementia sleep a lot.
But there are no one-size-fits-all answers. So, if your loved one seems to sleep a lot and it’s affecting their daily life, it’s essential to involve a qualified healthcare professional or sleep expert who can help diagnose the problem.
Dementia’s Effect on Sleep Patterns
Dementia impacts several aspects of a person’s cognitive and physical well-being, and sleep is no exception.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, often disrupts sleep cycles. People may experience fragmented sleep, waking frequently at night or staying awake for extended periods. Daytime drowsiness and increased napping can also occur due to these nighttime interruptions.
Lewy Body Dementia
Lewy body dementia affects REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, leading to vivid dreams or even physical movements during sleep, known as REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. In some cases, it may also cause excessive daytime sleepiness.
Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia, caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often leads to poor sleep quality. Sleep disorders like sleep apnea are more common, further affecting restful sleep.
Why Do People with Dementia Sleep a Lot?
A person with dementia may begin sleeping more than usual, leaving caregivers wondering what might be at the root of this behavior.
Disrupted Circadian Rhythm
The circadian rhythm, or the body’s internal clock, governs our sleep-wake cycles. Dementia can interfere with this natural rhythm, causing increased drowsiness during the day and wakefulness at night.
Underlying Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions, like depression or infections and the progression of dementia itself, may lead to a higher need for rest. Fatigue is common as the body allocates energy to manage cognitive decline and other changes.
The Importance of Recognizing Sleep Changes
Sudden or significant changes in sleep should not always be dismissed as a symptom of dementia. They may signal an underlying issue that requires attention. Recognizing sleep changes early can help caregivers address potential problems proactively.
Risks of Untreated Sleep Problems
Poor sleep can exacerbate symptoms of dementia, such as confusion, irritability, and memory difficulties. Long-term disruptions may also strain caregivers who rely on the individual’s rest to manage their daily caregiving routine. Left unaddressed, untreated sleep issues can impact the overall quality of life for the person with dementia and their caregivers.
Factors Influencing Sleep for Seniors with Dementia
Several behavioral and biological factors contribute to sleep troubles among seniors with dementia.
Behavioral Factors
Certain behavioral factors can affect a person’s sleep quality:
- Daytime napping: Excessive daytime naps can disrupt nighttime sleep by reducing overall tiredness come evening
- Changes in physical activity: Reduced physical activity or mobility can lead to an energy surplus, making it harder for a person to fall asleep at night
- Routine disruptions: Changes in regular routines or environments can confuse people with dementia, resulting in altered sleep patterns
Biological Factors
Biological or medical factors may affect an older adult’s sleep:
- Brain changes: With dementia, structural and functional changes in the brain can directly interfere with sleep regulation
- Underlying conditions: Conditions like sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or pain may further interrupt rest
- Medications: Certain medications prescribed to treat symptoms of dementia or co-occurring conditions can have side effects like insomnia or excessive drowsiness
Strategies for Improved Sleep Quality
While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution, the following strategies can provide meaningful improvements in sleep for someone with dementia.
Establish a Consistent Routine
Set regular wake-up and bedtime hours to help regulate the body’s internal clock. Consistency fosters better predictability, which can be comforting for people with dementia.
Promote Daytime Activity
Encourage light exercise during the day, like walks or stretching. Physical activity helps expend energy and contributes to a healthier sleep cycle.
Create a Sleep-Friendly Environment
Keep the bedroom quiet, dark, and cool to promote restful sleep. Comfortable bedding and minimal noise can further enhance the sleep environment.
Limit Stimulants
Reduce caffeine, sugar, and alcohol intake, especially in the late afternoon and evening. Stimulants can interfere with the body’s ability to wind down naturally.
Manage Sundowning Symptoms
Sundowning is increased confusion and agitation in the evening that can disrupt sleep. To help alleviate these symptoms, keep the environment calm, well-lit, and free from excess noise during this time.
The Role of Healthcare Professionals
Healthcare professionals are key in addressing sleep challenges in people with dementia. Medical assessments can identify underlying conditions like sleep apnea or depression, which may contribute to sleep changes. Doctors can also review and adjust medications to minimize adverse effects on sleep.
Consulting a professional can reassure caregivers and provide tailored strategies to accommodate their loved one’s unique needs.
Helping Your Loved One Rest Easier
Sleep plays an essential role in overall well-being, and for people with dementia, achieving quality rest can make a significant difference. By understanding the factors contributing to sleep changes and employing practical strategies to improve rest, caregivers can foster a better quality of life for their loved ones.
If you’re exploring memory care options for your loved one, contact our team at Somerby St. Vincent’s One Nineteen to book a community tour. We’d love to show you how our compassionate associates can help make sure your loved one’s needs are met, including getting a good night’s rest.
